top of page
Neuregen

Anxiety & Depression

Depression

Leaving 

Depression & Anxiety behind begins with an honest look at 

where you are now.

For Urgent Relief:
Stellate Ganglion Block

The Stellate Ganglion Block procedure has demonstrated promising results in multiple studies for symptoms of depression and anxiety (26-28).  The effects of a single procedure are typically noticeable, within hours after the procedure.  
 

For Urgent Relief:
Ketamine Therapy & Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy

Ketamine has demonstrated tremendous promise in the treatment of conditions associated with depression, anxiety, and even suicidal ideation (29-33).  More than that, this agent has demonstrated very impressive and rapid effects... bringing relief within hours in many cases (32, 33)!   

For Urgent Relief:
Combined Therapies

By uniquely combining interventional (e.g. stellate block), psychedelic therapies (ketamine), and brain-based approaches, the brain is robustly stimulated, promoting rapid and significant neuroplastic changes (changes in growth of new nerve connections), which can bring about dramatic shifts in mood and sense of wellbeing.

For Improved Response:
Pharmacogenomic
Testing

Pharmacogenomic testing involves analyzing an individual's genetic makeup to understand how they may respond to certain medications. This testing can help identify which medications are likely to be more effective and have fewer side effects for a particular person. By tailoring treatment to a person's genetics, the trial-and-error process to find the right medication, can potentially be reduced, potentially producing a shortcut to relief.

For Improved Response:
Neuro-Psychiatric Testing

There is emerging evidence that integrating neurologic testing, such as neuroimaging, into psychiatric care can improve outcomes by tailoring treatment through an enhanced understanding of the status of the brain (35-37).  Neuregen combines a thorough psychiatric assessment with extensive neurologic testing, using some cutting edge technologies, to arrive at a unique tailored, integrative therapy plan for each client. 

For Improved Response:
Integrative Psychiatry

Integrative psychiatry is a holistic, personalized approach to mental health care that combines evidence-based psychiatry, functional medicine, psychotherapy, complementary and alternative therapies, and other multimodal treatments.

Non-drug Options:
Medical Hypnosis

Extensive scientific research has demonstrated the effectiveness of medical hypnotherapy for treatment of mental health challenges, such as anxiety and depression, especially when used in conjunction with other psychiatric therapies, such as  psychotherapy (39, 40).    

Non-drug Options:
Psychotherapy
("Therapy" or "Talk Therapy")

A treatment approach involving structured conversations between a therapist and a client to address psychological issues and improve mental well-being. Different types of psychotherapy exist.  At Neuregen, several different methods are available.  These are typically combined with other personalized “brain therapies” to improve the experience and clinical results. 

Non-drug Options:
Neuromodulation 

Neuromodulation refers to the alteration of brain and nerve activity through targeted delivery of stimuli, such as electrical or photonic energy, to specific areas of the brain or nervous system. Neuregen offers a range of neuromodulation technologies to support evidence-based therapies in the treatment of mental health conditions.. 

Depression depressed

Reconnect
with the Real You.

One of the most damaging consequences of chronic health challenges is that many people describe losing a sense of who they are... not feeling at home in their own body... losing the ability to envision a positive future... and giving up on hope. 

 

As they begin to get healthy and well, these processes reverse one-by-one.  

The journey toward rediscovering the real, authentic YOU, starts here.  

Choose a Life Free of Anxiety!

 

It's understandable that anxiety might feel overwhelming, but at some point, you might decide that it's time to reclaim your life.  Reaching out for professional support comes from the same source of strength, commitment to your well-being, and care for those around you, that can help you create a life without anxiety.   

 

By working with a psychiatric professional, you can collaborate with a supportive partner to explore the roots of your anxiety, learn strategies for relief, tailored to your unique situation, and start to build a life in which you are freer, more in control, and no longer held back by unproductive, draining, and life-limiting symptoms of Anxiety. 

​

Is it time to Free Yourself of 

Depression? 

It can be shocking to recognize how far your life has shifted from where you would want it be.  The good news is that it all can change.  Seeking professional help can be an empowering step toward reclaiming control over your life; rediscovering what’s important to you; and making it all feel simpler and more enjoyable again.

 
This might start with considering how different things could be if you started feeling more like yourself again—more connected to others, more energized, and able to enjoy the activities you once loved.

 

Getting help is about opening up new possibilities for growth, healing, and living in a way that truly reflects the person you want to be!

 

3. Consider the Treatment Options

4. Is it time to Explore Other Options?

What is Depression?

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety is a natural emotional response to stress or perceived danger, often characterized by feelings of nervousness, worry, or fear. While occasional anxiety is a normal part of life, persistent and excessive anxiety may indicate an anxiety disorder. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common form of anxiety disorder, where individuals experience chronic and exaggerated worry about various aspects of life, even when there is little or no reason to worry. This condition can interfere with daily functioning and well-being, making it difficult to manage daily tasks (12).

​

Anxiety Symptoms:
What It Feels Like to Live with Anxiety

Living with anxiety symptoms can feel overwhelming and exhausting. For individuals with GAD, worry is often constant and can creep into various aspects of life, such as health, finances, relationships, or work. Anxiety can create a cycle of negative thoughts and anticipatory fear, where individuals may expect the worst possible outcomes even in seemingly normal situations, or experience a sense of "feeling like something bad is just around the corner" even when their life is otherwise going well.

Anxiety symptoms can be physical, such as headaches, muscle tension, rapid heart rate, problems with sleep, and gastrointestinal issues, which can further contribute to distress. Individuals may feel as if they are "on edge" all the time, struggling to relax or focus on the present (13).​

 

Panic Disorder and Panic Attacks

Panic Disorder is a specific type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, which some people may refer to as anxiety attacks. A panic attack is an intense episode of fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes and is often accompanied by physical symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, or feelings of impending doom. Individuals with panic disorder often fear having additional attacks and may begin to avoid situations where attacks have occurred, which can significantly impair their daily life (14).

​

Anxiety Causes 

Anxiety is understood to arise from a complex interaction of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Environmental and psychological factors can include chronic stress, trauma, and upbringing.  In many cases, Anxiety is treated without knowing the exact cause in an individual.

However, Anxiety can be triggered by lesser-known but treatable causes, such as brain injuries (e.g. concussion), which can disrupt brain regions that process fear and emotions; or Dysautonomia (e.g. POTS), a condition affecting the autonomic nervous system that can lead to symptoms like episodes of heightened anxiety ("that come out of nowhere") and even heart palpitations.  

 

Other issues, such as thyroid dysfunction, nutrient deficiencies, and altered hormone levels can contribute to anxiety-like symptoms.  These lesser known causes can make anxiety difficult to treat through conventional therapies. 
 

Depression with Anxiety 

Anxiety and depression frequently co-occur (i.e. happen at the same time, in the same person). Research indicates that approximately 60% of individuals with depression also experience significant anxiety symptoms (15, 16, 17). This combination can complicate treatment and lead to more severe symptoms. 

​

Depression, or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is a common and serious mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. Unlike temporary feelings of sadness or grief, clinical depression significantly impairs an individual’s ability to function in everyday life. It can even affect how one feels, thinks, and handles daily tasks such as eating, sleeping, and working (1).

 

Depression Symptoms:
What It Feels Like to Live with Depression

Living with depression can feel like being trapped in a state of emotional numbness or profound sadness, which can be constant or occur in "waves". Individuals with depression often describe feeling disconnected from the world around them, as though they are moving through life in a fog.  

But Depression is more than just "how a person feels". Bothersome depression symptoms like loss of energy, sleeplessness, and agitation can make daily life more difficult. Simple tasks that once seemed manageable can become overwhelming. In severe cases, even getting out of bed, taking care of personal hygiene, or preparing meals can feel like insurmountable challenges.

Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and self-blame are common, and individuals may struggle with concentration, decision-making, and motivation. This can lead to falling short on obligations and productivity, which can deepen the burden and consequences. This emotional burden can become so severe that individuals may even contemplate or attempt suicide (3).

​

Depression Symptoms in Men vs. Women 

Depression is more common in women than in men.  Some reasons have been suggested, including a tendency for hormonal fluctuations in women, and a tendency in men to underreport their symptoms (9).  

Women and men generally experience depression differently: Women tend to experience symptoms such as sadness, guilt, and worthlessness, generally internalizing symptoms generally leading to classic depressive symptoms like persistent sadness, tearfulness, and fatigue. Men, on the other hand, are more likely to exhibit outward symptoms such as irritability, anger, and risk-taking behaviors, with a generally greater risk of substance abuse (10).

 

While women tend to seek social support to cope with depression, such as reaching out to family, friends, or mental health professionals, men, generally tend to resort to avoidance behaviors, such as excessive work or substance use, which can worsen the depression over time (11).  

These differences can require different approaches (e.g., therapy for men may need to take a different approach than therapy for women).  

​

Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)

TRD occurs when a person does not respond to at least two different antidepressant treatments given at adequate doses and durations. TRD can be particularly challenging, requiring alternative therapeutic approaches.


Individuals with TRD often endure persistent and severe depression symptoms that greatly impact their quality of life (5).
 

Depression and Brain Injury (e.g. Concussion)

Depression is a common consequence of concussion and brain injury,  occurring in 30-60% of cases. Depression symptoms and post-concussion symptoms can overlap each other, potentially worsening symptoms like cognitive dysfunction (e.g. brain fog), fatigue, sleep disturbances, and irritability.  Both conditions can affect the same brain pathways, which may worsen depression symptoms following brain injury, making it more difficult to treat (41,42).  

​

1. Understand the
Problem & its Effects.

2. Find Your "Why?"

It isn't worth continuing to struggle with Anxiety - especially since it is a treatable condition!  

 

More great news: In many cases, Anxiety symptoms are not being caused or promoted by an underlying medical issue.  In other words, your pathway to freedom from Anxiety may not even require "medical" therapies at all!   A consultation with a psychiatric professional can help you to sort out the 'clutter of life' to identify the roots of anxiety in your life, allowing you to free yourself from its clutches!   

 
That said, in other cases, the burden of Anxiety can be too much and suffering too great for this type of approach.  In such cases evidence-based, integrative psychiatry can provide a welcome lifeline and support to help you navigate through it. 

​

Initial, Evidence-Based Medical Treatment of Anxiety and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

In terms of medical options for Anxiety, current, evidence-based guidelines suggest that antidepressant medication (e.g., SSRIs or SNRIs) should generally be considered as the initial treatment for Anxiety (GAD) (i.e., anxiety medication).  Research also indicates that the benefits of prescribed medication can be "boosted" by combining it with psychotherapy (aka therapy or talk therapy) (24).   ​ This "frontline" (treatment starting point) approach is relatively simple, affordable, and accessible for most people. 

However, there are Potential Downsides to Frontline Medical Treatment for Anxiety:

  • Anxiety Medication can take too long to get relief:  In many cases, prescribed medication can take weeks or even months to work - this can be too long for people whose lives are severely affected by anxiety symptoms. 

  • Anxiety medication side effects can be too challenging to tolerate: While these side effects can typically be reversed by stopping or switching medication, they can cause people to want to avoid medication altogether.

  • Seeing a Therapist for Anxiety may not work: The success of talk therapy depends on many factors, including the method of therapy utilized (there are many types of psychotherapy) and the relationship between client and therapist.  

  • A combined, frontline approach for Anxiety will not work for everybody, especially those that have multiple underlying contributing factors to their anxiety (e.g., head injury, dysautonomia, POTS, thyroid issues, nutrient deficiencies, and other health factors). 

 

The good news is that there are a range of treatment options for Anxiety well beyond the frontline therapies. Furthermore, many of these don't even involve the need for continued use of pharmaceuticals or prolonged talk therapy. 

 

Depression is treatable! Fortunately, there are a range of potential treatment options for depression.


Deciding which approach is best for you should ideally involve an open discussion with a professional as well as consideration of your personal life factors (e.g., how soon you need relief and whether you can fit medical recommendations into your lifestyle), values (e.g., your views on medicine and healthcare) and preferences related to health and life (e.g., whether you prefer drug or non-drug approaches and how your religious / spiritual practices may align with your treatment approach.)

Unfortunately, some people avoid consulting with a psychiatric professional because they strongly feel that prescription medication is the only available option, or that they dislike the idea of "talk therapy", leaving themselves (and those around them) to unnecessarily bear the burden of the symptoms and consequences of depression.    Fortunately, this is not true: there are a range of treatment options for Depression.  

The following is a brief review of current, best evidence depression treatment options:     

Initial, Evidence-Based Medical Treatment of Depression 
Based on current evidence, frontline psychiatric treatment for depression (without complicating factors) will generally involve recommendations for either psychotherapy (aka 'talk therapy' or 'therapy') or pharmacotherapy (i.e., prescription medication), although a combination of both therapy and medication, has demonstrated better results in clinical trials (A).  As an added consideration, there is strong evidence for the benefit of lifestyle changes for depression relief, including: reducing or eliminating alcohol intake, healthy eating (e.g., Mediterranean diet), regular exercise, reducing screen time, getting sufficient sleep, quitting smoking, and increasing social connections (25).  ​

The benefits of this approach is that it is relatively accessible, straightforward, and affordable. 

​

However, there are potential Downsides to Frontline Depression Treatment:
 

  • Depression Medication can take too long to achieve relief: Medication and therapy can take weeks or even months to take effect.

  • Depression Medication can produce side effects in some people. While almost all of these are reversible (i.e., stop when medication is stopped), these symptoms can be intolerable for some, preventing them from using certain medications.

  • Therapy for Depression (Psychotherapy) may not work: Variability in types of psychotherapy (talk therapy techniques), poor client-therapist 'fit' (relationship), and other factors unique to a particular situation, can lead to it being ineffective (aka first level treatment non-response).

  • Much of the scientific evidence for the benefits of medical depression treatment is based on the concept of providing 'relief' which means 'better but not completely without symptoms of depression' - this incomplete relief can be unacceptable to some people.

  • When initial, frontline options fail to produce relief, some people mistake these options as "the only available options" for relief and abandon trying to get well through professional, medical, psychiatry-based therapies. 

  • Overall, while frontline (first and early treatment options) may provide relief for many people, these still leave a significant number of people with depression, without relief.   In other words, these options may simply not work, especially in those who have untreated, underlying, contributing factors (e.g., other health issues, nervous system conditions, key nutrient deficiencies, and brain injury).

 

The good news is that frontline options only represent the 'tip of the iceberg' in terms of available treatment options for Depression.
 

​

Anxiety symptoms

If Conventional 
Therapies
don't work or
don't work fast enough, we offer a range of alternatives.

References:

  1. National Institute of Mental Health. Anxiety Disorders. Accessed September 4, 2023. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders

  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

  3. Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJ, Sawyer AT, Fang A. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012;36(5):427-440.

  4. Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen HU. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res.2012;21(3):169-184.

  5. Craske MG, Stein MB, Eley TC, et al. Anxiety disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3(1):17024.

  6. Cuijpers P, Karyotaki E, Weitz E, et al. The effects of psychotherapies for major depression in adults on remission, recovery and improvement: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2014;159:118-126.

  7. Baldwin DS, Waldman S, Allgulander C. Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;14(5):697-710.

  8. McHugh RK, Whitton SW, Peckham AD, Welge JA, Otto MW. Patient preference for psychological vs pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analytic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(6):595-602.

  9. Albert PR. Why is depression more prevalent in women? *J Psychiatry Neurosci.* 2015;40(4):219-221. doi:10.1503/jpn.150205

  10. Martin LA, Neighbors HW, Griffith DM. The experience of symptoms of depression in men vs women: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. *JAMA Psychiatry*. 2013;70(10):1100-1106. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1985

  11. Smith DT, Mouzon DM, Elliott M. Reviewing the assumption of depression differences in men and women: Are men really more undiagnosed? *J Mens Health*. 2018;14(3):e60-e69. doi:10.22374/1875-6859.14.3.10

  12. National Institute of Mental Health. Anxiety Disorders. Accessed September 4, 2023. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders

  13. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

  14. Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJ, Sawyer AT, Fang A. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012;36(5):427-440.

  15. Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen HU. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res.2012;21(3):169-184.

  16. Craske MG, Stein MB, Eley TC, et al. Anxiety disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3(1):17024.

  17. Cuijpers P, Karyotaki E, Weitz E, et al. The effects of psychotherapies for major depression in adults on remission, recovery and improvement: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2014;159:118-126.

  18. Baldwin DS, Waldman S, Allgulander C. Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;14(5):697-710.

  19. McHugh RK, Whitton SW, Peckham AD, Welge JA, Otto MW. Patient preference for psychological vs pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analytic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(6):595-602.

  20. Albert PR. Why is depression more prevalent in women? *J Psychiatry Neurosci.* 2015;40(4):219-221. doi:10.1503/jpn.15020

  21. Martin LA, Neighbors HW, Griffith DM. The experience of symptoms of depression in men vs women: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. *JAMA Psychiatry*. 2013;70(10):1100-1106. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1985

  22.  Smith DT, Mouzon DM, Elliott M. Reviewing the assumption of depression differences in men and women: Are men really more undiagnosed? *J Mens Health*. 2018;14(3):e60-e69. doi:10.22374/1875-6859.14.3.10

  23. Cuijpers P, Noma H, Karyotaki E, et al. Combining pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for adult depression: A meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(7):683-693. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0246.American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Anxiety Disorders. 3rd ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2020.

     

24. Bergstedt, J., Pasman, J. A., Ma, Z., Harder, A., Yao, S., Parker, N., Treur, J. L., Smit, D. J. A., Frei, O., Shadrin, A., Meijsen, J. J., Shen, Q., Hägg, S., Tornvall, P., Buil, A., Werge, T., Hjerling-Leffler, J., Als, T. D., Børglum, A. D., Lewis, C. M., … Fang, F. (2024). Distinct genomic signatures and modifiable risk factors underly the comorbidity between major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2023.09.01.23294931. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.09.01.23294931

25. Li, Y., & Loshak, H. (2021). Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety. Canadian Journal of Health Technologies. https://doi.org/10.51731/CJHT.2021.41
26. Lynch, J., Mulvaney, S., Bryan, C., & Hernandez, D. (2023). Stellate Ganglion Block Reduces Anxiety Symptoms by Half: A Case Series of 285 Patients. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060958.

27. Sussman, D., Tassone, V., Nezhad, F., Wu, M., Adamsahib, F., Mattina, G., Pazmino‐Canizares, J., Demchenko, I., Jung, H., Lou, W., Ladha, K., & Bhat, V. (2023). Local Injection for Treating Mood Disorders (LIFT-MOOD): A Pilot Feasibility RCT of Stellate Ganglion Block for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Chronic Stress, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/24705470231160315.

28. Tully, J., Dahlén, A., Haggarty, C., Schiöth, H., & Brooks, S. (2021). Ketamine treatment for refractory anxiety: A systematic review. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 88, 4412 - 4426. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15374.

29. Taylor, J., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Coughlin, C., Mulqueen, J., Johnson, J., Gabriel, D., Reed, M., Jakubovski, E., & Bloch, M. (2018). Ketamine for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 43, 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.194.

30. Corriger, A., & Pickering, G. (2019). Ketamine and depression: a narrative review. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 13, 3051 - 3067. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S221437.

31. Meshkat, S., Haikazian, S., Vincenzo, J., Fancy, F., Johnson, D., Chen-Li, D., McIntyre, R., Mansur, R., & Rosenblat, J. (2023). Oral ketamine for depression: An updated systematic review. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24, 545 - 557. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2023.2169349

32. Marcantoni, W., Akoumba, B., Wassef, M., Mayrand, J., Lai, H., Richard-Devantoy, S., & Beauchamp, S. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of intravenous ketamine infusion for treatment resistant depression: January 2009 - January 2019.. Journal of affective disorders, 277, 831-841 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.007.

33. Bradley, P., Shiekh, M., Mehra, V., Vrbicky, K., Layle, S., Olson, M., Maciel, A., Cullors, A., Garces, J., & Lukowiak, A. (2018). Improved efficacy with targeted pharmacogenetic-guided treatment of patients with depression and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial demonstrating clinical utility.. Journal of psychiatric research, 96, 100-107 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.024.

34. O’Neill-Kerr, A., & Nwabunike, N. (2023). The Use of Genetic Testing in the Management of Depression. BJPsych Open, 9, S126 - S127. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.354.

35. Papastergiou, J., Quilty, L., Li, W., Thiruchselvam, T., Jain, E., Gove, P., Mandlsohn, L., Bemt, B., & Pojskic, N. (2021). Pharmacogenomics guided versus standard antidepressant treatment in a community pharmacy setting: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical and Translational Science, 14, 1359 - 1368. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12986.

36. Amen DG, Easton M. A new way forward: How brain SPECT imaging can improve outcomes and transform mental health care into brain health care. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:715315. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.715315.

37. Elsevier. Brain imaging identifies biomarkers of mental illness. ScienceDaily. Published November 9, 2023. Accessed September 7, 2024. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231109141454.htm

38. Gunther ML, Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, et al. Brain MRI findings and their relationship to delirium duration and long-term cognitive outcomes in ICU survivors. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2024;91(2)

39. Milling LS, Valentine KE, McCarley HS, LoStimolo LM. Hypnosis and relaxation interventions for depression: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2018;66(3):297-323.

40. Yapko MD. Hypnosis in the treatment of depression: An overdue approach for encouraging skillful mood management. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2013;61(1):1-21.

41. Fann JR, Ribe AR, Pedersen HS, Fenger-Grøn M, Christensen J, Benros ME, Vestergaard M. Long-term risk of dementia among people with traumatic brain injury in Denmark: a population-based observational cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(5):424-431. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30065-8.

42. Dams-O'Connor K, Landau A, Hoffman J, et al. Depression after traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation. 2018;43(3):293-305. doi:10.3233/NRE-172449.

​

bottom of page